Gross anatomy of the human heart pdf series#

superior border: right and left atria, SVC, ascending aorta and pulmonary trunkĪrterial supply is from the coronary arteries with coronary arterial dominance describing the dominant vessel supplying the interventricular septum. The vascular territories of the myocardium are divided into 17 myocardial segments according to the AHA nomenclature.left border: left ventricle, left atrium, pulmonary trunk and arch of aorta.shorter rounded formed mainly by the left ventricle and a little superiorly by the left atrium.long formed by right atrium superiorly and right ventricle inferiorly.rests mainly upon the central tendon of the diaphragm.formed mainly by the right ventricle inferiorly and superiorly by the atria.directed forward, upward and to the left.directed downward, forward and to the left.formed mainly by the left atrium and little by the right atrium.directed upward, backward and to the right.The heart can be described as having the following surfaces: the left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve into the ascending aorta to supply the body.the left atrium pumps blood through the bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle.blood returning from the lungs drains into the left atrium via the four pulmonary veins.the right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary trunk to be oxygenated in the lungs.the right atrium pumps blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.venous blood returning from the body drains into the right atrium via the SVC, IVC and coronary sinus.

Gross anatomy of the human heart pdf series#

It is best to remember the four chambers and four valves in order of the series that blood travels through the heart:

semilunar valves which are located in the outflow tracts of the ventricles.

atrioventricular valves between the atria and ventricles.The outflow of each chamber is guarded by a heart valve: The cardiac wall or heart wall consists of the following layers from inside to the outside: The ventricles are separated by two grooves, one of which, the anterior longitudinal sulcus, is situated on the sternocostal surface of the heart, close to its left margin, the other posterior longitudinal sulcus, on the diaphragmatic surface near the right margin these grooves extend from the base of the ventricular portion to a notch, the incisura apicis cordis, on the acute margin of the heart just to the right of the apex. The interatrial groove, separating the two atria, is scarcely marked on the posterior surface while anteriorly it is hidden by the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta. The atria are separated from the ventricles by the coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove) this contains the trunks of the nutrient vessels of the heart and is deficient in front, where it is crossed by the root of the pulmonary artery. The division of the heart into four cavities is indicated on its surface by grooves. The heart, therefore, consists of four chambers: The heart is subdivided by septa into right and left halves, and a constriction subdivides each half of the organ into two cavities, the upper cavity being called the atrium, the lower the ventricle. superiorly: bifurcation of the main pulmonary trunk.posteriorly: esophagus, descending thoracic aorta, azygos, hemiazygos veins, and thoracic duct.anteriorly: the body of the sternum, and adjoining costal cartilages left lung, and pleura (apex).

The heart measures 12 x 8.5 x 6 cm and weighs ~310 g (males) and ~255 g (females) 1. Its left-sided orientation is formally known as levocardia (cf. It is positioned posteriorly to the body of the sternum with one-third situated on the right and two-thirds on the left of the midline. The heart has a somewhat conical form and is enclosed by the pericardium.